Yves here. Other reports indicate high quality chocolate will become very scarce and expensive by 2020 because cocoa farming is being displaced by more lucrative rubber production. And notice how many of hte food on this list are staples, not luxuries.
By Reynard Loki, AlterNet’s environment and food editor. Follow him on Twitter @reynardloki. Email him at reynard@alternet.org. Originally published at Alternet
Climate change is making the world a different place. There are more floods, droughts, wildfires, heat waves and other extreme weather events. Animal species around the world are either shifting habitat locations or simply dying off. Even humans are migrating due to a warmer world.
But there is one effect that will hit many of us right in the gut: Certain foods could disappear thanks to our changing climate. Brace yourself: here are 10 foods you’ll probably be sad to see go.
1. Guacamole
Around 8 million pounds of guacamole are consumed during the Super Bowl, but football fans might soon have to find something else to dip their tortilla chips into. Scientists from the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory predict as much as a 40 percent decrease in avocado production over the next 30 years due to increasing temperatures brought on by climate change. As a result, the fast food chain Chipotle, which goes through 97,000 pounds of avocados a day — 35 million pounds every year — has warned that if climate change worsens, it may be forced to stop serving guacamole. The company says it “may choose to temporarily suspend serving menu items, such as guacamole or one or more of our salsas, rather than paying the increased cost for the ingredients.”
2. Apples
“Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces,” the German theologian Martin Luther said, “I would still plant my apple tree.” He didn’t figure that there might be a tomorrow in which apple trees can’t properly grow. In 2011, an international team of scientists published a study which found just that: Temperate fruit and nut trees like the apple tree, which need a certain period of winter chill to produce economically practical yields, could be affected by global warming as winter temperatures rise. They said farmers should prepare for a warmer future by breeding cultivars with lower chilling requirements. Such apples will likely taste different from the ones we have today, according to a Japanese study which found that rising temperatures are causing apple trees to bear fruit sooner, making them softer and sweeter. “If you could eat an average apple harvested 30 years before and an average apple harvested recently at the same time, you would really taste the difference,” said Toshihiko Sugiura of the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization in Tsukuba, Japan, the study’s lead author.
3. Beer
It’s sad, but true. Beer is already a victim of a changing climate, with brewers increasingly finding it more difficult to secure stable water supplies. According to a 2010 report commissioned by the National Resources Defense Council, about a third of counties in the United States “will face higher risks of water shortages by mid-century as the result of global warming.” Between 2030 and 2050, the difficulty in accessing freshwater is “anticipated to be significant in the major agricultural and urban areas throughout the nation.”
Some specialty hops used by craft brewers have already become harder to source, since warming winters are producing earlier and smaller yields. “This is not a problem that’s going to happen someday,” said Jenn Orgolini of Colorado’s New Belgium Brewery. “If you drink beer now, the issue of climate change is impacting you right now.” She said that in 2011, the hops her brewery normally uses weren’t available due to Pacific Northwest weather conditions.
4. Rice and Beans
The late comedian/philosopher Bill Hicks once said, “The American dream is a crock. Stop wanting everything. Everyone should wear jeans and have three T-shirts, eat rice and beans.” He didn’t live long enough to find out that climate change could threaten the ability to follow his wise suggestion. It’s hard to overstate the importance of rice to world. It is a food staple for almost half of the world’s population. But climate change could significantly impact rice yields in this century.
According to a 2005 report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, “temperature increases, rising seas and changes in rainfall patterns and distribution expected as a result of global climate change could lead to substantial modifications in land and water resources for rice production as well as in the productivity of rice crops grown in different parts of the world.” A 2005 report by the United States Department of Agriculture found that the viability of rice-growing land in tropical areas could decline by more than 50 percent during the next century.
Beans feed the majority of the human population in Latin America and much of Africa and are a part of the daily diet of more than 400 million people across the developing world. But beans may also experience declines due to a warming world. According to a report the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), higher temperatures could reduce bean yields by as much as 25 percent. “Beans are highly sensitive to heat, and the varieties that farmers currently grow do not yield well under night temperatures over 18 or 19 degrees Centigrade,” writes Nathan Russell of CIAT. “Higher temperatures drastically reduce seed fertility, leading to lower grain yields and quality.” Thankfully, CIAT scientists have identified about 30 “elite” bean lines that have demonstrated tolerance to temperatures 4°C higher than the crop’s normal “comfort zone.”
5. Seafood
One of the most dramatic effects of climate change is ocean acidification, a decrease in the pH, or the hydrogen ion concentration, of the Earth’s oceans, making the water more acidic. This is caused by the ocean absorbing more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere — carbon we are spewing by burning fossil fuel and mowing down forests. This decrease in pH makes it harder for organisms like corals, crustaceans like lobsters, crabs and shrimp, and molluscs like clams, oysters, snails, mussels and scallops to form the calcium-based shells and exoskeletons they need to survive. Scientists at the Ocean Acidification Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks have warned that shellfish farmers off the Alaska coast may need to start modifying the sea water in their hatcheries as they expect “significant effects” from acidification by 2040.
Scientists also believe that pink salmon, the most abundant of the Pacific salmon species, will be one of the primary victims of climate change, since the fish cannot survive the increasingly acidic waters. In a recent study, scientists at the University of British Columbia in Vancouver and MacEwan University in Edmonton reared pink salmon in the lab under water acidity levels expected at the end of this century. They found that when the fish reached the age at which they would migrate to the sea, their ability to use oxygen in their muscles was significantly decreased. This means their future wild brethren will face difficulties locating food and evading predators.
Ocean acidification isn’t the only climate-related threat to fish. According to a study conducted by a team of Australian scientists, higher temperatures will increase the toxicity of common pesticides and industrial contaminants such as endosulfan, an insecticide, and phenol, an organic compound used to produce plastics and a variety of pharmaceuticals, which threatens the survival of a wide array of freshwater species such as trout, perch and carp.
6. Chocolate
“Everywhere in the world there are tensions — economic, political, religious,” said French chef Alain Ducasse in a 2013 interview with the Wall Street Journal. “So we need chocolate.” Who among us can disagree? An estimated one billion people around the world eat chocolate every day. The average American consumes 12 pounds of the sweet stuff every year. But the topography of Ghana, Ivory Coast, and Côte d’Ivoire, where more than half of the world’s chocolate is sourced in the form of the cocoa bean, will be so different by 2050 that production will be seriously impacted.
The current optimum altitude for cocoa production is 100 to 250 meters above sea level (MASL). But according to a worrisome 2011 CIAT study, that figure will increase to between 450 and 500 MASL by 2050. The report’s authors warn that farmers might begin to see declines in cocoa production by 2030. Beyond impacting our chocolate consumption is the effect that this will have on cocoa farmers, many of whom rely on cocoa for their livelihoods. “Many of these farmers use their cocoa trees like ATM machines,” said Dr. Peter Laderach, the report’s lead author. “They pick some pods and sell them to quickly raise cash for school fees or medical expenses. The trees play an absolutely critical role in rural life.”
7. Coffee
Coffee is ubiquitous. Around 8.5 million metric tons of coffee are grown in 60 countries on nearly every continent. Half a trillion tons of java are consumed every year. But people around the globe may have to find another stimulating beverage to start their day. In recent years, a deadly plant fungus called coffee rust has swept across Central America, cutting coffee production and seriously impacting local economies. Experts believe that the spread of the disease has been driven by higher temperatures brought on by climate change.
Coffee plantations around the world are dealing with increased incidences of fungi and invasive species due to higher temperatures. Coffee bean farms on the Kona coast of the Big Island in Hawaii are being ravaged by an insect called the coffee berry borer, which scientists say is “expected to become an even greater threat” due to climate change. And in Africa, scientists predict that the number of coffee-growing regions will decrease between 65 to 100 percent as the surface temperature increases. Actor Jim Carrey once said, “I wake up some mornings and sit and have my coffee and look out at my beautiful garden, and I go, ‘Remember how good this is. Because you can lose it.’” He probably wasn’t referring to climate change, but he might as well have been.
8. Peanut Butter
Billy Joel once quipped, “A peanut butter and jelly sandwich is better than bad sex.” Indeed, there are few things as immediately satisfying as a good PB&J. If you grew up in the U.S., you probably ate your share as a kid. But this simple and classic sammy could become a museum piece with climate change on track to push a number of wild relatives of plants, including the peanut, to extinction, according to a 2007 study.
Andy Jarvis, an agricultural geographer who led the study, said that flora like the peanut are more threatened by global warming since they grow mainly in flat areas; farmers would need to migrate significant distances to find cooler climates and that is not always possible. He points out the importance of maintaining seed banks to guard against the effects of climate change. “There is an urgent need to collect and store the seeds of wild relatives in crop diversity collections before they disappear,” he said. His call to action could be summed up neatly: Save the PB&J!
9. Wine
If we don’t keep the increase of the global surface temperature to a maximum of 2°C (some say 1.5°C) to prevent the worst impacts of climate change, fermented grape juice from traditional winemaking regions could one day become a thing of the past. Grapevines are extremely sensitive to their surrounding environment: The variation in yield from season to season is more than 32 percent. And with temperatures steadily increasing, viniculture around the world is changing. Changes are already afoot in France, one of the largest wine producers in the world.
“Extreme weather is becoming more common in all of France’s wine-growing regions,” writes Ullrich Fichtner in Der Spiegel. “Heavy rains and hailstorms frequently come on the heels of summer heat waves and dry periods. Winters and nighttime temperatures are so mild that the plants are never able to rest. Few winegrowers continue to deny these tangible phenomena.” The famous wine appellation Châteauneuf-du-Pape is a striking example. As temperatures rise in the southern Rhône region, the harvest dates for this heavy wine have moved from October to early September. Philippe Guigal, one of the leading winemakers in the Rhône Valley, said that in the area where Châteauneuf-du-Pape grapes are grown, “the problems are getting really serious.”
But as climate change disrupts traditional winemaking regions worldwide, it will also create new ones, like Montana and China.
10. French Fries
Who doesn’t like french fries? Scratch that. Who doesn’t love french fries? But we may need to think about a different side to go with basically everything. In January, Vice News published a story with a very disturbing headline: “Climate Change Might Be the Greatest Threat to Potato Cultivation in 8,000 Years.” In Peru, home to thousands of potato species as well as the International Potato Center (CIP), based in Lima, potato farmers are being forced to move to higher altitudes due to rising surface temperatures. But even the Andes don’t rise forever. “I estimate that in 40 years there will be nowhere left to plant potatoes [in Peru’s highlands],” said Rene Gómez, curator of the CIP germplasm bank.
Of course, french fries aren’t the only thing the potato has given to the world. We could also lose such starchy staples as potato chips, baked potatoes, mashed potatoes, potato salad, home fries and hash browns. Many cultures across the globe would lose popular potato-based regional dishes, such as aloo gobi (India), boxty (Ireland), cottage pie (United Kingdom), gamjajeon (South Korea), gnocchi (Italy), gratin (France), knishes (Eastern Europe), patatas bravas (Spain), kroppkaka (Sweden) and massaman curry (Thailand), to name a few. In terms of human consumption, the potato is the world’s third most important food crop after rice and wheat. More than a billion people worldwide eat potato, and global total potato production exceeds 300 million metric tons.
Food may be one of the most apparent and immediate ways many of us will feel the impact of climate change. “The general story is that agriculture is sensitive,” said David Lobell, deputy director of the Center on Food Security and the Environment at Stanford University. “It’s not the end of the world, but it will be a big enough deal to be worth our concern.”
We certainly don’t need another reason to fight climate change. But a good one would be to save some of our favorite — and the world’s most important — foods from extinction.
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Côte d’Ivoire and Ivory Coast designate the same country…
Technical correction: you wrote “a decrease in the pH, or the hydrogen ion concentration,” But you meant an increase in the hydrogen ion (H+) concentration. If instead you reduce H+ and increase OH-, water goes to the base (high pH) side of the scale.
What’s hard to get across to those who think that agricultural production will simply migrate is that soils are delicate, take a long time to develop. and will lag behind temperature changes. If the temperature growing belt moves north, it hits the ring from Canada through Siberia which is now coniferous and has poor, acidic soils not particularly amenable to wheat, rye, or barley production. So the facile notion, which I’ve heard stated many times, that we will simply get our grain from north of where it grows now doesn’t hold any water in the short term. The platitude that the Earth will adjust is likely true but not within time frames that allow current crop yields, and with them human populations. That this doesn’t scare more people baffles me.
How about the even greater insanity that even if things did migrate, eventually it would all converge at the poles, and then there’d be nowhere left to migrate.
@James Levy, that’s an excellent point. And one that I seldom see stated. Almost regardless of where you start, as you go north or uphill, you’re usually in a different ecosystem with a different soil type.
Earth will adjust just fine. Homo sapiens not so much.
The most intelligent comment in the entire thread
And, of course, you can’t just truck your current avocado trees and grapevines to Montana anyway. Even annual crop plants need investment in land and infrastructure. Wave goodbye to those sunk costs in “developed” land when the agricultural migration begins. Stranded assets will not just be fossil fuels. Oh, and I guess we might have to move some cities too.
As long as I can find 5 gallons of water somewhere, I can still brew beer.
yeah, i find it silly in its using beer as an example of scarce water; if water gets THAT scarce, there are going to be many people dying of thirst before beer is not made…
there are going to be many more water-intensive crops and processes which are sacrificed before we stop making beer based on water shortages…
seems like just another scare tactic in most of these mentions: EVERYTHING will be threatened by water shortages, temperature increases, etc, not just beer/whatever…
that some plants, animals, environments are more vulnerable to these changes, is no doubt true; but those issues will be far outweighed by social choices, NOT based on botanical/science criteria…
And even if those more northern soils were well-suited to crops, they’d still be in a different country and/or owned by someone else, which would still put a lot of farmers out of business.
You know, the actual people who grow most of the food for those of us in industrialized nations.
Most people aren’t scared because most people don’t know. Most people don’t know because the CFP MSM works hard to keep it a secret. So if people never hear about it, why would people even know to be scared? And after the CFP MSM has spent so many recent years reporting “both sides of the controversy”, why would a much-lied-to public even believe it anyway if the CFP MSM began reporting that aspect of it?
Also, if you live in an urban area, most of your fellow urbanites will be too distant from perceptible natural phenomena to even be able to register the meaning of their existence in any meaningful way.
CFP?
Corporate Financial Paradigm? Corporate Food Producers? Corporate Financial Press?
OK, I give up. I intuit “Main Stream Media”, but what is CFP?
Shifting ag to more northern poor acidic soils will put more eroded acidic runoff into the oceans and speed the process up.
CFP stands for Corporate Fascist Pig.
good one! Corporate fascist pig! Yes! Every morning I read the NY Times and find myself saying “PIG!” and occassionally grunting “oink” between sips of coffee. This is always when reading some silly statement by Obama, and always when reading the NY Times take on the pigs sucking the lifeblood out of of the American economy. By pigs I mean JP Morgan Chase, et al.
CFM is far better.
Thanks
There is another issue: plants depend on photosynthesis. That means how much sunlight they get.
Having places further north get warmer is NOT going to increase how much sunlight plants get. So you are going to see a net reduction in productivity.
Actually annual crops *do* get more sunlight within their growing season the further North one goes. Check out the produce like giant cabbages the Matanuska valley near Anchorage AK grows. I think Russia and Canada will see enormous agricultural benefit if the climate warms, both have huge areas of good soil and in season rainfall, needing only more warmth to grow high value crops.
You may be cherry picking your location and plant type (annuals). The climate in and around Anchorage is moderated by proximity to the sea and over a twelve month period gets a shorter “growing season” than temperate regions (like the lower 48). Russia and Canada MAY see agricultural benefit, but climate change MAY also induce weather patterns that create bogged lands and insect infestations never before seen above the 49th Parallel.
What is certain is that the current infrastructure and social patterns will be disturbed.
Coconuts migrate all the time. Just ask the guys in England who run around dressed as medieval knights banging two coconuts together.
The elephant in the room is population. We are too plentiful. No matter how well behaved we become we still make a giant mess. Nothing but a drastic reduction in our numbers will help.
Are there any hard data or predictions on when this wonderful world comes into existence? I keep on hearing vague multi-decade time frames that happen sometime this century, which don’t help much for people who want to attempt to personally prepare.
I suspect on the one hand you are going to see a proliferation of corporate control (attempts at monopolies); cars that you rent, or that charge more to go to certain places such as trips, supermarkets that will only accept payment by smart phone, control over the internet, etc., that will ironically intersect with decreasing and/or sporadic availability of ordinary things such as food stuffs that we all take for granted. It’s already starting with things like chocolate and coffie at least here in Massachusetts. It’s in the form of smaller sizes of coffee cans or chocolate bars starting out with somewhat smaller prices that quickly go back up to what they were only now you are getting used to less for the same price. The media will be remarkably silent on this transition until things are beyond obvious to everyone.
Hershey bars have been shrinking in size in a jagged line graph (while going up in price) for the better part of a century.
They’re getting sneakier than that now — trying to be allowed to sell “chocolate-flavored” products as “chocolate” (when they’ve taken out the cocoa butter and sold it, and replaced it with a cheaper fat). During the Great Recession you saw a ton of complaints about the deepening divots in the bottom of containers to hide the loss of volume/weight, like the bottoms of PB jars. Don’t get me started on “de-sheeting” toilet paper rolls.
Hershey bars have been shrinking in size in a jagged line graph (while going up in price) for the better part of a century.
Jebus, way back in the day, you must have needed a hand truck just to get them to the table… :-)
I remember buying chocolate bars back in the 50’s at a nickel a piece. As far as I can tell, the weight remained the same up until about three years ago – but I’ll admit I didn’t pay close attention and didn’t buy them often.
Coffee, it seems to me, stayed in the exact same size can and simply went up in price (remaining fairly close to inflation with an occasional price hike in real terms) over the last 60 years again until about 3 years ago when they reduced the size of the cans by about a third.
Chocolate chip cookie recipes call for 12 oz of chips, many packages are now 10 oz. Personally I’d rather pay more for the larger amount, but I guess they think we are too stupid to notice the downsizing. But it’s not just chocolate — just about every packaged food product, breakfast cereal, ice cream, frozen vegetables, pasta, chips – you name it — is now a smaller portion, with the price being the same, or higher as when the size was larger.
Over consumption and over population are the base problems of anthropogenic climate change.
The market and capitalist greed are providing a meager reduction in consumption. And if it’s chocolate perhaps a reduction in the over population of the planet.
Smaller portions in all of our consumption is tantamount to saving life on earth. If you want to lose weight you’ve got to burn calories but you’ve also got to change the amount and types of food you consume…same thing.
Probably information under the titles “survivalism” and “survivalist” would have specific ways to apply general advice to be able to partway provide one’s own food, water, indoor air management, etc. without outside sources. Probably information under “transition” and “Transition Towns” for whole grouploads of people trying to prepare together as communities in a benign way together.
Learn what the Mormons have been doing and do the same. The more people who can take care of themselves, the more the Authorities can focus on supporting helpless people.
Learn how to look poor. If there are breadlines, show up in them. If you don’t, people will wonder if you have your own food. They may come prowling around to find out. If you think food shortages are looming within a few years, get fat so that everyone can see you getting thin when the food shortage hits.
Are you kidding me?!
No beer, wine, chocolate or coffee!
That’s enough to start a revolution by itself.
Never mind that the “arab spring” was basically about one bad Russian wheat harvest…
That, and an upsurge in grain speculation.
As I understand it, out and out speculation in grains used to be illegal, beyond the normal price hedging farmers and distributors to avoid price spikes and dips in the crops they planned to sell or buy. Then in the 2000s grain speculation by people who never intended to take ownership of the grain was legalized — food became just another place to search for yield.
The speculators see a bad crop on the way, think they can make out like bandits, food prices spike, and voila.
I saw a front page from a Chicago Tribune of about 1880 as I recall. One article was about the conviction and long sentencing of a couple of dudes who set up a little speculation on the future price of hogs or maybe it was wheat, it’s a long time ago. Hiding behind the notion that farmers ought to be able to hedge their exposure to risk, these dudes were slicks in suits not overalls…Apparently before the Board of Trade really got legs, it was a felony to do that kind of speculation. Graeber has notes on that in “Debt,” as I recall…
No coffee, no wine and, heaven forbid, no chocolate will most likely wake people up faster than the loss of Habeas Corpus, Presidential authority to assassinate without judicial review, or no jail time for money laundering for ruthless drug cartels by major banks.
Note, initially at least, the motivation to ignore everything, or as much as possible, gets significantly stronger, particularly for personal economic issues, directly as the situation gets more serious. I am starting to see friends that were down right liberals only 5 or 10 years ago become apologists or “green gardens” for austerity. It’s real fear and it comes out oddly. For those I know who are, or seem to be bitten, It’s not all at once or even in every direction consistently, but then it doesn’t go in reverse.
As sad as these all are, in terms of caloric intake for most of the world’s people, we should be more worried about staple crops.
A couple years ago I read a report — by Oxfam, I believe, though I can’t find it now — which described the impacts not only of average higher temperatures as most climate change & crop models do, but the impacts of the extreme weather events climate change will bring with it.
In the simplest terms, crop-growing regions will face not just higher average temperatures, but droughts combined with heat waves (and the resultant higher water loss from both soils and plants than with simple drought at normal temperatures), floods, and storms. When the extreme weather events are also taken into account, crops losses are far greater.
We all survive, however sadly, a beer-less world. A world with crashing outputs of wheat, corn (maize), rice, and soy, however…
The problem is that what we will need is management and planning, and what we will get is rationing via the Holy Market. As petrochemicals become scarce and their production is curtailed (we can only hope) we’ll need leather and dung to replace plastics and fertilizers, but we will have to significantly reduce cattle herds at the same time while dumping corn production for better, more nutritious grains. This will take management or the rich and/or stupid will insist on keeping the same old mix of corn and beef which is already approaching disastrous. All down the line we’re going to need really smart, alert people making choices and doing triage. This should have been done democratically by a political system that informed instead of pandered and propagandized, but it is in all likelihood too late for that. We’re talking 1942 full scale national mobilization or else. Unfortunately, we have no leadership, and few cadres, compared to back then to organize and execute the necessary programs to save most of the population and the culture. This is lamentable, but like the political situation probably beyond reform or repair at this time.
If I recall correctly, the Oxfam report was about sub-Saharan Africa, where I don’t think they’re eating much corn or beef.
For the world as a whole, we currently have enough food to feed everybody, but the systems allow the poor to go hungry. Will it be qualitatively different when there simply isn’t enough food to go around (climate effects + rise in population)?
I think it will, in some ways. Like you said, ability to pay will determine distribution; but, need being bigger than supply will hurt the safety nets, such as they are, that we have now: food pantries, food stamps, food aid to famine-stricken countries.
When the land becomes un-farmable for seasons in a row, expect mass migrations in the hundreds of millions, and ever more stringent reactions from the countries they’re fleeing to. (I sometimes suspect that reactions to the Syrian (and Afghan and Iraqi and Yemeni) migrants/refugees in Europe are influenced by concerns about such future migrations; that the newcomers pose practical, organizational challenges now, but the anxieties are about the migrants that will be coming in 2030.)
“..we currently have enough food to feed everybody..”
Until what number of people? Those mass migrations in the hundreds of millions and the misery entailed aren’t caused by adding billions more to the food table? But not one mention of over-population…
We all survive, however sadly, a beer-less world.
Don’t be naiive
LOL (Joke, right?)
I’m countin on AB to buy up enough little breweries to keep me in beer. PB&J isn’t very important outside ‘merica. And when Chipotle gets what’s comin to them, avocados will be on sale. Then again, 97,000 pounds (abt 2 trucks) for a 1200 restaurant chain, makes you wonder what’s actually in that guacamole. ¿No? French wines have always relied on cool season grapes; Merlot, Pinot Noir (famously fickle), Cabernet. We can get by without that. But if it became so severe that it affected the warm season ones, like Tempranillo, THAT WOULD BE A PROBLEM!
I’m much more nervous abt using fossil water (central pivot irrigation) to grow cereals than runnin out of places to grow spuds. That will run dry much sooner and might not be enough alcohol available for my SUV.
PB&J isn’t very important outside ‘merica
Yes, well it’s inevitable with time that the rest of the world’s palate will refine to the point PB&J’ s will be under threat.
And when Chipotle gets what’s comin to them,
What does Chipolte have coming to it? It’s the most beniegn fast food chain I can think of.
http://samuel-warde.com/2015/06/victory-chipotle-sets-new-standard-employee-relations/
https://www.chipotle.com/guac-recipe
I’d be adding tomato’s and ALOT more cilantro, but that’s just me
Was thinking abt the E coli. Actually, that’s a good guac. recipe. I use garlic, tomato and no jalapeño, no celantro, no onion.
Ohhh…. my fault for not reading your answer before posting my rephrase of Optimader’s question. I have “requested delete” on my redundant comment.
About the Chipotl E. coli . . . . those outbreaks happened very soon after Chipotle announced it was taking its entire sourcing chain totally GMO-free. Given that the outbreaks happened so fast after Chipotle’s No-GMO announcement, and given how very far apart from eachother the affected Chipotle’s outlets are, my first assumption is that the GMO industry has been sending out undercover ratfuckers to put E. coli into Chipotle food-materials here and there, to degrade and attrit Chipotle’s customer base and cash-flow to a significant degree. Why? Spite and vengeance.
If any high-level Chipotle people are reading this, you should really try and retro-obtain samples of E. coli involved in EVERY outbreak, and have them DNA-read to see if they are more identical to eachother than chance would suggest.
that’s sounds like a good idea..
I have my suspicions that Chipotle is a victim of corporate sabotage. I would look very hard at Will Coggin, Richard Berman, and their Center for Consumer Freedom.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Consumer_Freedom
yesss garlic,diced not crushed, it make a differnce. For me, I add a bunch of Tapatio sauce as well as diced , no seeds.. mmm
http://www.tapatiohotsauce.com/home ( I like there homepage soundtrack too!)
Yes, I also wondered . . . what is it that Chipotle has “coming” to them? And why does Chipotle have it “coming” to them? Did a beautiful Chipotle employee turn you down for a date once?
Beer and wine is synonymous with civilization. Anything less is mere survival.
Potato chips came in 13 oz. bags at the start of the “great recession”. They had been at 13 oz. for many years after gradually decreasing from their original 16 oz. By 2011 they were down to 11 oz. Up until a few months ago they were 10 oz. They are now down to 9.5 oz.
No inflation, concerns about deflation…
About wine: Cork oaks, mostly in Portugal are going to be stressed from Global Baking. A cork oak has to grow for 100 years before you can punch a hole through the spongy bark and get a cork.
If I was running a “family office” (manager for a huge family fortune) I would be buying land and planting cork oaks where they will grow well 100 years from now. I say family office because presumably that kind of investor can plan for the very long term.
http://earth.nullschool.net/#current/wind/surface/level/orthographic=-310.85,-28.35,751
Durban, S.A.’s coal emissions transported to Antarctic
as someone who grows apples and potatoes in Ohio, i dont see a threat…the polar vortex winter preceeded my only apple crop failure…and despite a dismal gardening year, with both flooding and drought, potatoes were the one crop that did well this year..
Don’t worry. They can make anything out of corn.
jeez, maybe that’s why Bernie Sanders keeps saying “Climate change is the single greatest threat facing our planet. “
Geo Engineering is accelerating our populations demise. The hole in the ozone layer never healed, you have been fed lies.
UVC which we are told is absorbed by the ozone layer is now hitting the earths surface killing trees and plant life, this is why you burn faster and the sun feels hotter than in the past. After UVC comes XRAY so you can see why this is so concerning.
NOAA and HARRP are engaged in a climate war with parts of the world that are not complant with the USA. This is why Obama is so keen on the climate change subject and regards it as the greatest threat to the world at this time as other countries are performing the same actions as them.
We will be destroyed, thanks to the psychopaths that control the world through debt based currencies.
The earth will heal itself in time, and I wish the best of luck to whatever comes after the human race.
NOAA and HARRP and their foreign equivalents are the reason that Obama has stated that the greatest threat to the world is climate change. Geo engineering will be the end for us. The hole in the ozone layer never healed. They lied. UVC is no longer stopped by the ozone layer and is hitting the earth’s surface killing plant life and harming animal life.
Watch ” Soylent Green” the movie if you want to see our near future… The rich that have profited from polluting our home still have it good in the world that they have destroyed. I hope we make them accountable before it gets so bad that we can do nothing.