Yves here. It seemed appropriate to go with the news flow and thus provide an extra helping of Trump coverage. Please filter out the upset in the opening paragraphs about the right wing around the world being a threat to democracy, as opposed to things like social services and liberalized immigration. The article provides a wide-ranging review that is generally useful.
As for the “right wing” trope, as former ambassador Chas Freeman pointed out, Iran has a guided democracy much like the US (as in some subjects are not open for discussion, here such as our fondness for regime change operations around the world). So what amounts to a democracy is very much in the eye of the beholder, particularly given the overturning of elections in Romania and the Collective West extolling Zelensky, who has outlawed opposition parties, banned opposition media, and is still in office only by virtue of declaring martial law, as some sort of model And as a proof of how “democratic” US democracy is in practice, progressive policies like taxing the rich, strong workplace safety rules, and improving Social Security have for decades gotten substantial majorities in polls, yet are non-starters or get only token gestures in terms of policy action.
However, the Trump and then Melania memecoin grifts are so beyond the pale as to confirm the worst fears of Trump critics, at least as far as plutocratic abuses are concerned. Some readers in comments argued that the crypto community viewed the Trump coin issuance with alarm. Memecoins are the most rube-exploitative products and the Trump ripoff would discredit crypto rather than help more it towards acceptance as a normal commercial instrument.
As reader Verethragna pointed out yesterday in comments on Lambert’s memecoin post:
In any sane country, Trump would be in prison for blatant fraud and corruption on a massive scale. (In China, he would have received the death penalty for corruption, embezzlement, etc. a very long time ago. To be clear, the same goes for most members of the Biden family too.) But successive US administrations have decided that pump-and-dump schemes are perfectly within the law as long as they involve cryptocurrencies, and also the Supreme Court has confirmed that presidents are above the law anyway.
Lambert’s headline observation, that the massive, shameless Trump scam offends the norms fairy is likely to prove more significant abroad than here. It completely negates any pretense that the US operates under the rule of law, as opposed to sheer muscle and positional advantage. It will strengthen the position of Trump opponents in Europe, even the weak Kier Starmer, who seems to be trying to elevate the UK to a leadership role in thwarting Trump via his barmy 100 year napkin-doodle deal with Ukraine. That pact, however, does give the UK a pole position in jockeying to be the home of the upcoming Ukraine government-in-exile.
I am not even remotely an expert on foreign regulation of crypto currency, but the Trump memecoin could also lead foreign governments to try to restrict non-government, or alternatively, non-domestically-issued crypto. Keep in mind the US has more IRS crypto compliance kicking in in 2025 and 2026. From The Currency
Analytics:
As part of an effort to ensure greater tax compliance, the IRS is implementing new reporting standards for centralized cryptocurrency exchanges. Beginning in 2025, these platforms, including custodial wallet providers and certain payment processors, will be mandated to submit transaction data through a new form: the 1099-DA. This form will include a comprehensive record of digital asset purchases, and transfers…
While the new reporting rules will apply to all crypto transactions starting in 2025, reporting the cost basis—the original purchase price of a digital asset—will not be required until the 2026 tax year. For investors, this delay could lead to complications, especially since cost basis is crucial for determining gains or losses on sold assets.
See also CNN: Many crypto investors’ transactions this year will be reported to the IRS for first time. KPMG has reported that the IRS expects the new crypto 1099s to exceed the total number of 1099s now issued.
The OECD also is moving along with crypto reporting as indicated by an October 2024 document on IT implementation.
Now to the main event.
By Laurie Macfarlane, a co-director at Future Economy Scotland and a Fellow at the UCL Institute for Innovation and Public Purpose (IIPP). He was formerly economics editor at openDemocracy and a senior economist at the New Economics Foundation. Originally published at openDemocracy
ter four years of narrowly avoiding prison, Donald Trump is back in the White House. For many observers outside the US, the re-election of a convicted felon who tried to illegally overturn an election is baffling.
But Trump’s second victory was no fluke – and nor was it merely the result of Russian interference or ‘deplorable’voters. Although Trump left formal politics in 2021, the forces that brought him to power did not. This time, he is entering office far better organised, far stronger, and with a more diverse political base.
Trump is also not alone: across the West, right-wing populism is on the march, while progressive parties continue to find themselves on the back foot. In an increasingly unstable world, the rising tide of the authoritarian right poses huge challenges for the global economy. Left unchecked, it has the potential to imperil peace, prosperity and the planet.
To fully assess the threat this right-wing populism poses, and how to counter it, we must carefully assess the conditions under which Trump is assuming power – as well as the plans he has for wielding it. Like all political developments, Trump’s dramatic return has not happened in a vacuum. Instead, it must be viewed in the context of a series of profound political and economic shifts that are reshaping the face of Western capitalism.
Red Dragon Rising
Following China’s entry into the global trading system in 2001, many economists in the West assumed that China’s state-capitalist model would deliver some catch-up growth, then quickly run out of steam. The theory was that while state-led systems can be effective at rapidly mobilising existing resources, they struggle to drive productivity growth and innovation. This, it was thought, would eventually force China to open up its economy and embrace liberal democracy.
However, China’s achievements to date have made such pronouncements look remarkably naive. Not only has liberal democracy not arrived in the People’s Republic, but the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has developed a distinct economic model that has lifted nearly a billion people out of poverty and transformed the country into one of the world’s largest and most dynamic economies. Somewhat ironically, it is Western governments that have had to adapt to China’s model – not the other way around. In recent years, China’s successes have forced Western governments to pivot away from free market orthodoxy and resuscitate muscular industrial policy, which had long been banished from Western policy toolkits.
The importance of China’s spectacular rise to Trump’s victory in 2016 cannot be overstated. At a time when most Americans felt the economy simply wasn’t working, Trump offered a clear albeit false diagnosis of the problems – China and immigration – and an aggressive strategy for dealing with them, when the Democrats were doing neither. His aim was to stand up to China, bring back jobs and put ‘America first’. His weapon of choice, tariffs, marked a major break with the neoliberal consensus of recent decades. Protectionism was back, spearheaded by the world’s largest economic and military power.
But in reality, Trump’s ‘trade war’ was never about trade or jobs. As I wrote back in 2020, it was primarily a response to US fears of losing technological supremacy in the face of successful Chinese industrial policy. From the very beginning, the ‘trade war’ was less about trade, and more about constraining Chinese development and preventing China’s rise as a rival technological power.
Since Trump’s exit from the White House in 2021, this ‘return of the state’ in Western economies has accelerated, fuelled by two other forces. The first has been a global ramping up of action to tackle the climate crisis. As a growing number of countries have embraced net zero targets, many have enacted new industrial policies to try and bolster capabilities to compete in emerging green supply chains. The second factor was the Covid-19 pandemic, which saw governments intervene in economies on an unprecedented scale. In order to contain the economic fallout, Western countries ripped up the neoliberal playbook in favour of widespread state planning and cash transfers. While the promises to ‘build back better’ inevitably rang hollow, many governments and businesses did act to bolster domestic supply chains in an attempt to address the chronic lack of resilience the pandemic exposed.
Acutely aware of these challenges, in 2021 the incoming Joe Biden administration sought to break with the economic consensus of his Democrat predecessors. Not only did Biden keep most of Trump’s tariffs on China, he increased them. His administration then embarked on the US’s most significant experiment with industrial policy for decades.
The key pillar of so-called ‘Bidenomics’ was the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). Despite its name, the IRA was not primarily about reducing inflation. Instead, it launched the biggest investment programme in modern American history to revitalise the economy, enhance energy security, and tackle the climate crisis. The package included large tax breaks and subsidies to bolster US manufacturing capacity, and wean the US away from Chinese imports. In practice, the IRA was a significantly watered-down version of Biden’s initial ‘Build Back Better’ agenda, which, in addition to ambitious climate spending, also proposed trillions of additional dollars on social spending in areas such as housing, childcare and healthcare, as well as more progressive tax hikes. This agenda was blocked by Republicans and conservative Democratic senators, who also secured big giveaways to the fossil fuel industry.
Nonetheless, the IRA represented a significant step change in the ideological outlook of the world’s largest economy. It also posed new challenges for China, particularly as some policies were explicitly designed to discourage companies from using Chinese components. In a remarkable role-reversal, in May 2024 China lodged a complaint against the US at the World Trade Organisation (WTO), arguing that IRA subsidies “distort fair competition”.
On the basis of conventional economic metrics, Bidenomics appeared to be working. Following the pandemic, US economic growth outperformed peer nations, business investment soared, and unemployment remained low. The problem was that Americans simply weren’t feeling it. A big reason for this was inflation, which surged across the world as economies reopened after the pandemic, and Russia invaded Ukraine. Although in the US, inflation had fallen to less than 3% by the time of last year’s election, the damage had been done. Under Biden’s leadership, real earnings had fallen and satisfaction with the economy tumbled. Months before the presidential election, more than half of Americans wrongly believed the US was experiencing a recession, according to a poll for The Guardian. The consequences of this disconnect between buoyant economic statistics and peoples’ lived experiences were fatal. As economist Isabella Weber put it in the New York Times: “Unemployment weakens governments. Inflation kills them.”
As for Biden’s programme of green reindustrialisation, it didn’t quite live up to its promise. Although the IRA successfully catalysed billions of investments in clean energy, the immediate impact on jobs and living standards was modest. Since 2020, the number of manufacturing and construction jobs in the US economy has increased by around 800,000. While this might sound impressive, it amounts to less than 0.5% of the total workforce.
This does not mean the IRA should be seen as a failure – far from it. Investment takes time to deliver returns, and ironically it will be Trump who reaps the political rewards when they start to materialise. But these statistics also reveal a significant flaw in Biden’s approach to industrial policy. In the 21st century, most Americans do not work in manufacturing and construction, and likely never will. They don’t care much for semiconductors, nor do they pay much attention to GDP growth and business investment. What they care about is whether their life is getting better or worse. The initial Build Back Better agenda recognised this, while the watered-down IRA did not.
Trumpism 2.0
While Bidenomics failed to get its namesake re-elected, it played a crucial role in putting industrial policy back on the global agenda. Though this is long overdue, it is a mistake to think that a more interventionist state always pushes politics in a progressive direction. What really matters is who wins and who loses from these interventions. In other words: who are these interventions really designed to serve?
Seen through this lens, Trump’s vision for the role of the state looks rather different. He has already vowed to kill the IRA’s climate measures, referring to the act as “the greatest scam in the history of any country”. In its place, Trump has a new plan for industrial policy: “drill, baby, drill”. He has also pledged to deliver “the largest deportation operation in American history”, targeting millions of undocumented migrants whom he says are “poisoning the blood” of the US – and using the military to do so if necessary. The long-term economic impact of such a move would be severe, with some analyses estimating it could reduce annual US GDP by up to 7%, or nearly $1.7trn.
As a means of flexing American economic muscle globally, Trump has also promised to double down on tariffs, pledging to impose blanket 10-20% duties on all US imports and 60% on goods from China. In a sign of creeping paranoia that some countries may act to reduce their reliance on US trade, he recently threatened to impose 100% tariffson the ten nations that form the BRICS bloc – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Egypt, Ethiopia, Indonesia, Iran and the United Arab Emirates – if they create a currency aiming to challenge the US dollar’s dominance in global trade.
In order to collect the billions in expected tariff revenues, the incoming president also recently announced the creation of a new ‘External Revenue Service’, stating: “Through soft and pathetically weak trade agreements, the American economy has delivered growth and prosperity to the world, while taxing ourselves. It is time for that to change.”
Whether these sharply higher tariffs represent a hard commitment or merely a negotiating tactic remains to be seen. However, it is clear that Trump intends to weaponise the US’s economic clout to strong-arm allies and adversaries alike. ‘America first’ is the aim, while economic warfare is the game, it would appear.
This again would not come without an economic cost – both to the US and its trading partners. Despite being Trump’s flagship policy, it remains unclear whether he knows how tariffs actually work. He has repeatedly insisted that they are paid by “other countries”, when in reality they are a tax on American companies paid when foreign-made goods arrive at the US border.
Perhaps most alarmingly, Trump has taken state interventionism to a whole new level by threatening to seize territoriesbelonging to other sovereign nations. One prime target is Greenland, where the aim is to control its trove of natural resources to guarantee the US’s “economic security”, with a particular focus on rare earth metals. Another is the Panama Canal, which the US ceded control over to Panama in 1977 under President Jimmy Carter. Perhaps most ambitiously, Trump has floated the idea of annexing Canada, describing the two countries’ shared border as an “artificially drawn line” and vowing to use “economic force” to make Canada the 51st US state. The US projecting its power overseas to secure its economic interests is far from new. But rarely has a president been this direct and explicit about it.
The focus on Greenland’s rare earth metals is no accident. China currently dominates global rare earth metal production and has recently restricted the export of critical minerals and associated technologies ahead of Trump’s second term. These elements, which play a critical role in the manufacturing of batteries and countless high-tech products, are quickly becoming one of the most important geopolitical battlegrounds.
With China and the US each taking increasingly aggressive measures to limit the trading of key resources and components, the drift towards a new ‘technological cold war’ – as well as a military hot war – between East and West looks set to accelerate under Trump’s second reign. A partial decoupling of US and Chinese technology ecosystems is already well underway – with the extreme pressure the US applied to the UK government in 2020 to ban Huawei from the UK’s 5G network providing one example. Not unrelatedly, today the UK has among the worst-performing 5G signal in Europe. The recent US clamp down on the Chinese social media app TikTok provides another such example, with US lawmakers moving to ban the app on national security grounds. However, just before taking office Trump – who had previously backed a ban – pledged to delay implementation of the law to allow more time to “make a deal to protect our national security”.
If these trends continue to accelerate, it is possible to imagine a world that is bifurcated into distinct technological ‘zones’. In this scenario, countries would be able to use US technology or Chinese technology – but not both. Each country must pick a side.
A Technological Arms Race
Any further slide towards technological bifurcation between East and West would pose huge challenges for the US and its allies. Whether it is clean energy, electric vehicles or radio communications such as 5G, Chinese companies are rapidly coming to dominate many critical 21st-century markets, in some cases to an extraordinary degree. As such, any further attempt to restrain Chinese technology or exclude Chinese goods from Western markets would have serious economic consequences, while also heightening military tensions. It would also pose existential challenges for China’s economic model, which has long relied on exporting to the US and other Western economies to drive economic growth.
Evidence indicates that China is also rapidly racing ahead to dominate many advanced technologies of the future. It is winning the technological race against the US in 37 of 44 advanced technology fields assessed in the report spanning defence, space, robotics, energy, biotechnology and artificial intelligence, according to a recent study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute. The study also found there was a high risk of China establishing an effective monopoly in eight technologies – including supercapacitors, 5G and 6G communications, electric batteries, and synthetic biology – while the US enjoyed no such monopoly opportunities. For some technologies, all of the world’s top ten leading research institutions are based in China, which are collectively generating nine times more high-impact research papers than the US.
Perhaps unsurprisingly, China’s rapid advancements also extend to deadly weapons technology. While recent Chinese advances in nuclear-capable hypersonic missiles allegedly took US intelligence agencies ‘by surprise’, China has generated over 60% of the world’s high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines and hypersonics over the past five years, and currently hosts seven of the world’s top ten research institutions.
China has produced over 60% of the world’s high-impact research papers into advanced aircraft engines and hypersonics over the past five years
Chart by openDemocracy using data from the Australian Strategic Policy Institute
While China’s rapid advancements have confounded its critics, its economy is far from invincible. Despite the best efforts of the CCP’s latest five-year plan, Chinese economic growth is slowing considerably and is widely expected to fall short of its target this year. Among the reasons for this has been China’s fragile real estate sector, which after decades of debt-fuelled speculation has finally started to unravel. In 2021 China’s largest property developer, Evergrande, defaulted on its debt, with multiple other major developers following closely behind. These defaults forced Beijing to announce an emergency package of support measures to stabilise the sector, which accounts for about a fifth of the country’s economic activity. In many ways, the sector’s woes – soaring debt and slowing growth – have become emblematic of the challenges facing the wider Chinese economy. Sustaining growth in the face of an escalating trade war would require a radical reorientation of China’s economic model, lessening dependence on exports and real estate speculation towards substantially boosting domestic demand.
China’s looming demographic crisis poses another major threat to its economic future. The CCP’s ‘one-child policy’, which was enforced between 1980 and 2015, means its population is currently ageing faster than any other country in modern history. Over the next decade, about 300 million people currently aged between 50 and 60 are set to leave the Chinese workforce. In 2020, there were five workers for every retiree, by 2050 this is expected to fall to 1.6 workers per retiree. The compounding effect of a rapidly contracting labour market, and the associated shrinking tax base, poses huge challenges for future growth and fiscal policy, as well as the provision of pensions and care in old age.
The challenge facing Beijing is therefore stark: can China continue to drive growth and technological advancement in the age of Trumpism 2.0, while staving off financial contagion and a demographic time bomb? China has confounded its critics before – but never before has its outlook looked so uncertain.
Europe’s Predicament
Caught in the crossfire between China and the US, Europe stands at a critical juncture. Lacking the technological dynamism to compete with the world’s two economic superpowers, and with many key industries in decline, European leaders have struggled to respond effectively. To date, its strategy has amounted to a tepid foray into industrial policy through the Green Industrial Plan, which aims to counter the EU’s import dependency for key commodities and technologies.
In a grudging admission that the free-market dogma underpinning the single market might be a barrier to an industrial revival, the European Commission has also relaxed state aid rules, enabling states to provide more generous subsidies for green industries. While these necessary reforms to the single market are long overdue, the ongoing failure to reform the eurozone’s fiscal architecture makes it difficult to see the EU posing a serious threat to US and Chinese technological dominance anytime soon.
For EU leaders, the most pressing issue is the prospect of new tariffs and threats to sovereign European territory. While Europe cannot compete with the US technologically or militarily, as the world’s largest trading bloc it can compete on trade. Reports suggest the European Commission is exploring a ‘carrot and stick’ approach: implementing its own retaliatory tariffs while also pledging to buy more US goods. A trade war between the US and Europe is unlikely to end well for either party, but would be particularly painful for Europe.
Even if transatlantic tariffs are avoided, there is still the question of what to do in relation to China. If Trump follows through with imposing 60% tariffs on Chinese goods, should the EU do the same? If it doesn’t, Europe may face a flood of cheap Chinese goods dumped on its doorstep, further harming domestic producers. Then there is the question of how Europe should respond to the accelerating technological decoupling between East and West. While the EU has taken various steps to try and turbocharge research and innovation in recent years, it still lags significantly behind the US and China. In theory, there is a strong case to be made for Europe to forge its own path, neither bowing to US or Chinese authoritarianism. However, this ambition may be thwarted by challenges closer to home.
In recent years, far-right parties have seen a dramatic surge in support across the continent. Last year France cameinches away from electing Marine Le Pen’s Rassemblement National, while in 2023 the Netherlands elected anIslamophobic populist. Far-right parties continue to make considerable inroads in Germany, Spain, Italy and elsewhere. Many of these parties are in direct contact with Trump’s wider networks and have also received glowing endorsementsfrom billionaire and Trump fanboy Elon Musk, the owner of X (formerly Twitter). As well as being Trump’s largest donor, Musk has quickly positioned himself as one of the president’s most influential aides. The prospect of escalating transatlantic coordination between the authoritarian right and billionaire egomaniacs represents one of the biggest threats to Europe’s future.
Britain’s Alignment Problem
The challenges faced by the EU are perhaps even more acute in the UK. Brexit was supposed to unleash Britain as a great, swashbuckling trading nation once again. But this fantasy was always rooted in a failure to come to terms with the UK’s rapidly diminishing power in the world. While the EU lacks technological leadership but has considerable trade power, the UK has neither. At a time of growing geopolitical tensions over technology and trade, the UK is a sitting duck.
In the event that Trump does escalate a global trade war, Keir Starmer’s government will likely have to pick a major bloc to align with – or absorb considerable economic pain. This was always the deep irony of Brexit; while it was supposed to be about “taking back control”, the UK was always going to be forced to align with decisions taken by one of the world’s major power blocs, albeit having no control over the rules.
This reality was recently bluntly spelt out by Stephen Moore, one of Trump’s closest economic advisers. “The UK really has to choose between the European economic model of more socialism and the US model, which is more based on a free enterprise system,” Moore told the BBC last year. Moving towards the US model of “economic freedom” would significantly increase the likelihood of securing a US trade deal, he added. However, this would also likely involve bowing to US demands to open up key British markets – such as agriculture and pharmaceuticals – to American competitors. Given the gulf in bargaining power and Trump’s notoriously aggressive deal-making, this would almost certainly not end well for the UK.
Starmer’s government therefore faces an unenviable lose-lose dilemma. Align with the US to avoid tariffs and secure a trade deal, and suffer the deeply unpopular consequences of Trump’s trade conditions, from chlorinated chicken tosignificantly higher NHS drug prices. Or align more closely with the EU once again, and risk plunging the country into civil war over Brexit all over again. Given the present political dynamics in Britain, this could be disastrous for the Labour Party.
While, on paper, the landslide victory Labour secured at last year’s election victory appeared decisive, looks can be deceiving. In reality, the party’s majority was built on incredibly fragile foundations – and the UK is far from immune to the threat of right-wing populism. Since then, election support for the party has plummeted, while support for Nigel Farage’s pro-Brexit Reform party has surged. With the two parties neck and neck in the polls, any attempt to align more closely with the EU would be capitalised on by Reform, likely to devastating effect. Even without this, Reform could be on track to upend British politics in the next election, subverting the traditional two-party system, perhaps with help from an increasingly unhinged Musk.
Global Fractures
China’s global ascendency, combined with the US’s political fracturing, has led some to speculate that we may be witnessing the ‘end of the American century’. Back in 2020, I argued that such premonitions were premature. The two pillars of the US’s global power – military and financial – remained rooted in place.
However, it was clear that the election of Trump in 2016 was eroding the US’s soft power, and its ability to act as the paragon for liberal democracy. Trump’s subsequent attempt to overturn the result of the 2020 election only put this on steroids. Far from being viewed as a successful model to emulate, the US began to resemble a cautionary tale to avoid.
Biden made a conscious effort to repair US prestige on the world stage. “America is back,” he vowed at his first addressto world leaders from the State Department in February 2021. “We are a country that does big things. American diplomacy makes it happen. And our Administration is ready to take up the mantle and lead once again.”
However, polling undertaken in 2021 found that while most people in Europe were happy to see Biden elected, they believed that the US political system was “broken”. Perhaps most alarmingly for US strategists, a majority also believed that China would be more powerful than the US within a decade – and said they would want their country to stay neutral in a conflict between the two superpowers. In the years since, Biden’s international standing has been further stained by his resolute support for Israel’s brutal assault on Gaza, which has generated intense animosity towards the US in many parts of the world.
Despite Biden’s efforts, it is likely that a second Trump term will fracture relations in the West further, as tensions relating to tariffs, Ukraine and NATO start to bite. How this plays out remains to be seen, any prolonged souring of relations among Western countries would likely benefit China, and hasten the transfer of global power from West to East.
Meanwhile, the much-vaunted ‘rules-based international order’ looks more fragile than ever before. Under Trump’s first reign, the US pulled funding from multiple UN agencies, withdrew from the Paris Agreement on climate change, and even pulled out of the World Health Organization (WHO) during the Covid-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, Trump and his allies severely criticised institutions such as the IMF and World Bank, long a critical tool for projecting US power. At the same time, the number of countries turning to Chinese-backed alternatives to fund development projects and joiningChina’s Belt and Road Initiative has continued to grow over the past decade.
In recent months, the ongoing war in the Middle East has exposed the feebleness of international law, with multiple signatory countries openly defying the International Criminal Court’s (ICC) arrest warrant for Israel’s prime minister and former defence minister. The US has never become a signatory to the ICC, but Trump previously sanctioned two ICC prosecutors after they began investigating whether US forces committed war crimes in Afghanistan – with secretary of state Mike Pompeo declaring it as a ‘kangaroo court’. At the start of this year, the US House of Representatives voted once again to sanction the ICC in retaliation for its arrest warrants against Israeli leaders.
What Trump’s stance towards such international institutions will be in his second term remains to be seen. But with his “America first” stance unlikely to soften anytime soon, the so-called ‘crisis of multilateralism’ looks set to deepen.
A Global Wake Up Call
Overall it is clear that Trump’s re-election represents a critical turning point for the West. While his first victory represented a high-risk gamble into the unknown, this time Americans fully knew what they were voting for. Far from softening the autocratic tendencies he was widely criticised for, he has doubled down on them.
Towards the end of Trump’s last reign, I argued that the West was being haunted by the spectre of ‘authoritarian capitalism’. The analysis identified three profound economic and political shifts that were reshaping Western economies: a China-induced pivot away from free-market orthodoxy, a clampdown on democratic freedoms, and a rise in state surveillance. Together, these shifts represented a distinct political economy that, if not contained, could usher in a new age of more authoritarian governance.
Thanks to the emerging transatlantic alliance between Trump, the European far-right and billionaire social media moguls, this is a reality we now face. Exactly what Trump will do in power, and whether his far-right allies in Europe will succeed in following his footsteps, is impossible to predict. But we should be under no illusions about the threat that this alliance poses. This is not the same Trumpism that won the election in 2016: it’s an altogether different – and more dangerous – project. How should progressives seek to counter the ascendance of a new authoritarianism?
One thing is clear: stoking anti-China sentiment will not cure the ills of Western capitalism. The roots of these problems, and therefore their solutions, can be found much closer to home. Simply trying to ban or censor voices on the authoritarian right won’t work either. When the voices in question include the US president and the second most popular party in the beating heart of Europe, silencing them isn’t an option (although that hasn’t stopped hundreds of German politicians from trying). Instead, the roots of these problems need to be dealt with at the source. In reality, it is not China or immigrants that are screwing over ordinary working people, but an extractive and unequal economic system.
The world’s richest 1% today owns more wealth than 95% of humanity. Last year total billionaire wealth increased by $2trn, growing three times faster than the year before. The wealth of the world’s five richest men has more than doubledsince 2019, soaring from $506bn to over $1.1trn. That list includes Trump’s cheerleader-in-chief, Musk, who paid a true tax rate of just over 3% in the US between 2014 and 2018, according to an investigation by ProPublica. The average worker in advanced economies, meanwhile, has typically seen their real pay fall or stagnate.
The contrasting fortunes of the mega-rich and everyone else are not unconnected. Despite what our leaders claim, capitalism in the ‘developed world’ has primarily become an engine for redistributing wealth upwards – both from its own citizens and the rest of the world. Skyrocketing inequality is also inextricably linked to the climate and environmental crisis. As well as hoovering up much of the world’s wealth, the richest 1% emit as much carbon pollution as the poorest two-thirds of humanity. As such, tackling the climate crisis and reducing inequality must go hand in hand.
But by deflecting legitimate economic grievances towards external bogeymen and migrants, it is the authoritarian right – not the progressive left – that has most successfully capitalised on this broken system. If we are to address the central economic and environmental challenges we face, this urgently needs to change.
Progressive forces have transformed Western political economy before, and the task before us is to do so again. The goal must be to tackle inequalities, raise living standards and address the environmental crisis – while standing with migrants and other minoritised groups against persecution and oppression. This will inevitably involve a more proactive role for the state. The key question is: in whose interests will it act? The lesson from Bidenomics is that focusing primarily on industrial sectors such as renewable energy and manufacturing won’t work unless it is accompanied by policies to rein in corporate power and redistribute wealth. This means challenging the power of vested interests head-on, not cowering to them.
This project must also aim to strengthen democracy and protect civil liberties at a time when both are increasingly under threat. In recent years governments across the US, Europe and the UK have cracked down on the right to protest with draconian legislation. Given Trump’s terrifying track record – including calling for the military to quash peaceful protests by “radical left lunatics” – we should expect the assault on the right to protest to intensify, alongside a curtailing of civil liberties more broadly. Peaceful protest will be absolutely critical for resisting the authoritarian right across the world, which is exactly why it is likely to be suppressed.
At the global level, lessons can be learned from Trump’s own playbook. In power, Trump has not shied away from breaking international norms or shaking up global institutions. Progressives must be willing to do the same – albeit for very different ends. While this may make some uncomfortable, it is a necessary prerequisite to delivering the kind of global transformation needed. The existing ‘rules-based international order’ is meaningless when some of the most powerful actors are not playing by these rules. Global cooperation is needed more than ever, but the existing multilateral order is fundamentally broken. It must undergo sweeping reforms to promote a more prosperous, peaceful and sustainable world.
Perhaps most importantly, however, there needs to be a clear focus on who the real enemy is – and the goals that need to be achieved to defeat them. For decades, the left has viewed its enemy as neoliberalism, and its main task as building an alternative to it. But if neoliberalism is not dead yet, it is slowly dying.
Instead of fighting the last war, progressives must start grappling with the distinct political economy of a new authoritarianism. In practice this requires developing a completely new set of strategies, tactics and policies. We are not only losing – we are losing badly. More of the same simply will not cut it.
The challenge now is therefore much greater than when Trump last took office. The spectre of authoritarian capitalism is not just haunting the West, it is already here, and it is actually quite popular. Now it must be resisted from the ground up.
The key question is: can we build the power needed to challenge it? Right now, it’s not looking promising. We can only hope that the arrival of Trump 2.0 provides the wake-up call the world so desperately needs.
https://english.news.cn/20250120/1d4e392ccaef48f29e8e9cdd0f9360c5/c.html
January 20, 2025
Chinese “artificial sun” sets new record in milestone step toward fusion power generation
HEFEI — The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), dubbed China’s “artificial sun,” maintained a steady-state high-confinement plasma operation for a remarkable 1,066 seconds on Monday, setting a new world record and marking a breakthrough in the quest for fusion power generation.
The duration of 1,000 seconds is considered a key step in fusion research. The breakthrough, achieved by the Institute of Plasma Physics under the Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP), greatly improved the original world record of 403 seconds, which was also set by EAST in 2023.
The ultimate goal of an artificial sun is to create nuclear fusion like the sun, providing humanity with an endless, clean energy source, and enabling space exploration beyond the solar system.
Global scientists have worked for more than 70 years on trying to achieve this feat. However, only after reaching temperatures over 100 million degrees Celsius, sustaining stable long-term operation, and ensuring controllability can a nuclear fusion device successfully generate electricity.
“A fusion device must achieve stable operation at high efficiency for thousands of seconds to enable the self-sustaining circulation of plasma, which is critical for the continuous power generation of future fusion plants,” said Song Yuntao, ASIPP director. He emphasized that the fresh record is of monumental significance, representing a crucial step toward the development of a fusion reactor.
Gong Xianzu, head of the division of EAST Physics and Experimental Operations, said they have upgraded several EAST systems since the last round of experiments. For example, the heating system, which previously operated at the equivalent of nearly 70,000 household microwave ovens, has now doubled its power output while also maintaining stability and continuity…
Eventually even the biggest stars burn out. they run out of fuel. So the big question is how long will the tiny little planet which we inhabit be able to supply fuel to create sustained artificial sun energy. Like E=MC2 in reverse.
“Eventually even the biggest stars burn out. they run out of fuel…”
A brilliant question; the fuel for fusion energy is a deuterium and tritium mix. Deuterium is readily available from seawater while tritium is gained from lithium. China has a huge lithium store:
Google AI:
The primary fuel used for nuclear fusion energy is a mixture of deuterium and tritium, both isotopes of hydrogen; deuterium can be readily extracted from seawater, while tritium can be produced from lithium, making the fuel readily available in nature.
https://english.news.cn/20250108/9f0ff10f0c8346d4a6339b28185c444b/c.html
January 8, 2025
China’s lithium reserves jump to second in the world
BEIJING — China has made significant strides in lithium exploration, emerging as the world’s second-largest holder of lithium reserves.
The China Geological Survey under the Ministry of Natural Resources said Wednesday that the country’s lithium reserves have increased from 6 percent to 16.5 percent of the global total, propelling it from sixth to second place in the world rankings…
Having read the introduction and essay and comments again. I think this entire thread simply excellent. I am quite grateful to Ives Smith for such a thread.
The world’s richest 1% today owns more wealth than 95% of humanity. Last year total billionaire wealth increased by $2trn, growing three times faster than the year before. The wealth of the world’s five richest men has more than doubledsince 2019, soaring from $506bn to over $1.1trn.
Looked up Pharaonic periods, search return stated that, “During the Pharaonic Era, Egypt witnessed many aspects of progress and renaissance in all fields.” Curious to see if Trump/Billionaire/Oligarch AngloBritish rule will usher in any “progress.”
thought experiment:
Is there a correlation between the increased detachment of super rich and technological progress as to make the rich rely less on actual human beings who they would have to treat somehow as humans.
With steam and electricity in ever more sophisticated machines the necessity of relying on people who could rise up has declined dramatically.
Same goes for the superiority of arms and force utilized by the state against its rabble.
Foucault in a few lectures at Collège de France pointed at the fact that before the nationstate aristocracy/kings were forced to actually collect the taxes in person via personnel. Now that might sound very basic. But it conveys an elementary truth.
The pharao could be killed much more easily than any government body today. Especially since administrations which are in fact executing the governmental functions have grown. Today how many would a 1917-revolution have to depose of?
I think it is very important to the rich to be able to treat actual human beings as sub-human. I think that might be the main point of being rich.
The cure for “right wing populism” is left wing populism grounded in the provision of concrete material benefits.
And I would modify Isabella Weber’s observation to read, “Unemployment weakens governments. Failure to protect the majority of the population from inflation kills them” since the proper tools for economic management are fiscal rather than monetary and we have a political class which has abandoned its responsibility to use fiscal policy for this purpose.
https://twitter.com/paulkrugman/status/1477247341212184577
Paul Krugman @paulkrugman
Deleting, with extreme apologies, my tweet about Isabella Weber on price controls. No excuses. It’s always wrong to use that tone against anyone arguing in good faith, no matter how much you disagree — especially when there’s so much bad faith out there.
6:56 AM · Jan 1, 2022
Isabella Weber was severely-crudely criticized for suggesting price controls for inflation, and though there was an apology for the crude criticism from Paul Krugman there was never any consideration of the Weber proposal.
“The prospect of escalating transatlantic coordination between the authoritarian right and billionaire egomaniacs represents one of the biggest threats to Europe’s future.”
Of course the threat represented by billionaire egomaniac George Soros (a sponsor of Open Democracy and transnational politics) is no threat at all. As for Europe, their fake left seems to be doing a fine job of destroying them without any “far right” assistance.
Trump is in many ways a buffoon and now again a powerful buffoon but to pretend he has sensible opposition is to take the eye off the ball. I’d say the real battle of ideas–the one today’s so called left don’t want to return to–was between capitalism and socialism rather than dueling billionaires and flavors of “growth.” After a couple of centuries of riotous capitalism the planet itself is at threat both from AGW and the very bloody competition for resources that under the Biden “reign” threatened us with nuclear winter. To the degree that Trump can dial down that latter then he has some points in his favor.
And here’s betting that his attempt to shut down Walmart by blocking China won’t get very far. As the above says economic changes take time to come to fruition and outsourcing is here for the foreseeable future. IMVHO.
Two things can be true, both can be threats.
It does not appear Trump wants to shutdown Walmart. It does appear he intends to replace income taxes like capital gains with tariffs,
George Soros seems pretty tame compared to the tech bros.
Authoritarian capitalism? This is a blatant and meaningless oxymoron. Do words mean anything anymore?
Oxymoron? It’s a tautology.
More of a pleonasm?
Didn’t we used to call this fascism in the good old days?
Well, not in the US, where it was called the New Deal.
Trump has many faults including avarice but who else has been willing to stand up to the uniparty in recent years? Trump has always been a faux populist but right now he’s the only populist we’ve got. Idealism is wonderful but the only practical political choice on offer is Trumpism or the MIC/media/corporatist/deep state establishment, who in my personal opinion are at least equally corrupt and far, far more dangerous both at home and abroad. The author of this piece may be well meaning but in my view he’s carrying water for the wrong people.
It is a good summary but I had the same misgivings. I did like his positive reference to the IRA platform but there was no irony in his description of how progressives seem to create the conditions for their own demise. We mean well but we are full of contradictions. And when we run out of solutions we go critical mass and authorize genocide, like the ultimate weaponized carrot. It is stunningly insane.
There is nothing here about the quasi-monopoly “Military Keynesianism” at the rotten heart of so-called Bidenomics that will continue to bleed the real economy dry under his successor. America has been transformed into a vast concentration camp in which every inmate has to have his or her “hustle” in order to survive.
Without a thorough discussion of U.S. militarism this post is unserious. Perhaps the threatened deployment of troops domestically to round-up poverty-stricken migrants will focus the analysis. Who will they come for next?
Through September 2024, military spending had climbed past $1.091 trillion yearly. Military spending had increased by $177 billion yearly during the Biden presidency, and was increasing still:
https://apps.bea.gov/iTable/?reqid=19&step=2&isuri=1&categories=survey#eyJhcHBpZCI6MTksInN0ZXBzIjpbMSwyLDNdLCJkYXRhIjpbWyJjYXRlZ29yaWVzIiwiU3VydmV5Il0sWyJOSVBBX1RhYmxlX0xpc3QiLCI1Il1dfQ==
December 30, 2024
Defense spending was 57.6% of federal government consumption and investment in July through September 2024. *
$1,091.3 / $1,893.4 = 57.6%
Defense spending was 21.7% of all government consumption and investment in July through September 2024.
$1,091.3 / $5,035.0 = 21.7%
Defense spending was 3.7% of GDP in July through September 2024.
$1,091.3 / $29,374.9 = 3.7%
* Billions of dollars
Thanks for posting this again. I keep forget these charts.
-For dummies like myself a comparison with other countries would put this even into better perspective
-This being only the official defense budget as approved by government I assume
Who is collecting data on defense related expenditures outside this space
Any NGOs offering those items?
Excellent observation.
…Trump’s last reign…
While I agree with Yves point in the intro, there is just too much Trump derangement to wallow through the rest.
Yes, this is grifting to be sure. So is making stock trades on insider info. I do not think this will result in “authoritarian capitalism”, at least not any more so than what we are already subjected to. You are not going to conquer the world with a memecoin, but you might pull off a nice Trump and dump scheme.
Good thing Congress never saw fit to regulate any of this – they’ve only had almost two decades.
“While I agree with Yves point in the intro, there is just too much Trump derangement to wallow through the rest.”
Reading this post made me angry. Worse than Trump derangement, this post evidences Democratic Party RIGHT THINK in its views of Neoliberalism and the various foundations of the Biden Economics:
“China’s successes have forced Western governments to pivot away from free market orthodoxy and resuscitate muscular industrial policy, which had long been banished from Western policy toolkits.”
What muscular industrial policy is Macfarlane referring to?
“… many governments and businesses did act to bolster domestic supply chains in an attempt to address the chronic lack of resilience…” I have not noticed tangible actions to bolster domestic supply chains whatever those actions[?] were.
The “Inflation Reduction Act (IRA)…launched the biggest investment program in modern American history to revitalize the economy, enhance energy security, and tackle the climate crisis..included large tax breaks and subsidies to bolster US manufacturing capacity, and wean the US away from Chinese imports.” It looked and looks a lot like a government giveaway to me. As for bolstering u.s. manufacturing capacity and moving away from from Chinese imports I can only wonder what Walmart Macfarlane shops at. Outside of the groceries department I am not sure what evidence there is for suggesting the IRA bolstered anything beyond some Corporate coffers, and a few local developers and construction companies.
“As for Biden’s program of green re-industrialization, it didn’t quite live up to its promise.” I’ll say! And Trump’s tariffs or “drill baby, drill” as industrial policy, or even as policy, degrades the meaning of the words.
The ascendancy of China given substantial u.s. investments and transfers of technology and physical capital provides the best example of u.s. Industrial policy of the last forty or more years. I should also mention the influx of foreign nationals into u.s. Higher Education, and the de facto preferences for foreign students paying full fees. Once educated, the basic training of those foreign nationals was handled by the H1-B programs flooding the entry level jobs where scientists, engineers, and technicians actually learn practice of some small part of their education.
“It[China] is winning the technological race against the US in 37 of 44 advanced technology fields assessed in the report spanning defense, space, robotics, energy, biotechnology and artificial intelligence, according to a recent study by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute.” That should be no surprise after the way the u.s. has used and cast aside its scientists, engineers, and technicians, after the way the u.s. has degraded public schooling, turned Higher Education into a Big Business, and turned research into Corporate Research performing treasure hunts for short-term “products” to generate near-term profits.
Biden did succeed in forcing the cracks in the world into full on fractures.
“Trump’s re-election represents a critical turning point for the West….Americans fully knew what they were voting for. Far from softening the autocratic tendencies he was widely criticized for, he has doubled down on them.” That impresses me as a facile and partisan assessment of what lead to Trump’s re-election and its implications for the future. I have been noticing the trend toward autocratic tendencies in the u.s. government since some time in the 1960s [I was too young to notice earlier signs during the Joe McCarthy era.]
This country, the u.s., deserves a better class of ‘progressives’.
An “External Revenue Service?” In which currency will this be billed and paid? Is this just a ploy to force trade negotiations to use dollars?
For decades, the left has viewed its enemy as neoliberalism, and its main task as building an alternative to it. But if neoliberalism is not dead yet, it is slowly dying.
The author seems very confused. Neoliberalism isn’t dying, it’s simply entering its terminal stage, authoritarian neoliberalism, (which comes right before full-blown fascism and global war). And the reason why neoliberalism needs tyranny is exactly because ‘the world’s richest 1% today own more wealth than 95% of humanity’. The so-called authoritarianism is only a symptom; at the deeper level we find the rotting body of neoliberal capitalism.
There is no genuine resolution, so the plutocracy has to use repression. You can’t have functioning economies (and societies) when so much wealth has been extracted, because there isn’t much left to turn the wheel of the economy. This is where we are now. Globally stuck.
The obvious solution would be redistribution, of course, but the oligarchy doesn’t approve of it, so the other, demented, solution is destruction of wealth on a massive scale, the kind that happened after WWII, and which made possible the Golden Age of capitalism. From the point of view of the plutocrats, killing half of humanity is no big deal, as long as they can hide in luxurious underground palaces with their heavily armored bodyguard troops.
If I anticipate WWIII, I don’t do it because I enjoy doom and gloom predictions, but for reasons of political economy. There are no policies that can reverse the damage that global capitalism has accomplished at this point.
Progressives require “…a new set of strategies, tactics and policies. We are not only losing–but we are losing badly. More of the same will simply not cut it.”
So, so true.
The progressive left seems psychologically incapable of admitting they are wrong about anything, especially their ingrained habit of thinking they need centralized hyper control.
On the other hand, the crypto/libertarian-right doesn’t realize that they are in the process of building a bit-coin prison for themselves in which they think their payment systems (Circle, Teether, Bitcoin, Nooster) free them from the state but instead it increasingly looks like theses autonomous payment systems will end up as the premier tool for total state control. The intelligence community already loves them from a foreign policy/state-craft perspective because it allows them to funnel money anywhere and to any groups they may choose internationally and all completely outside official banking systems.
Macfarlane is not offering any evidence for his claim of “new authoritarianism”:
“Overall it is clear that Trump’s re-election represents a critical turning point for the West. While his first victory represented a high-risk gamble into the unknown, this time Americans fully knew what they were voting for.Far from softening the autocratic tendencies he was widely criticised for, he has doubled down on them.”
“doubled down on them” –
How exactly?
When exactly?
What is the guy talking about.
“Exactly what Trump will do in power, and whether his far-right allies in Europe will succeed in following his footsteps, is impossible to predict.”
“impossible”
May be because it was the good guys who have done the bad things?
“But we should be under no illusions about the threat that this alliance poses. This is not the same Trumpism that won the election in 2016: it’s an altogether different – and more dangerous – project. How should progressives seek to counter the ascendance of a new authoritarianism?”
“More dangerous”
How so? And how was it dangerous in 2016?
Ahhh yeah, Jan. 6th…but he somehow forgets to mention that.
“Simply trying to ban or censor voices on the authoritarian right won’t work either. When the voices in question include the US president and the second most popular party in the beating heart of Europe, silencing them isn’t an option (although that hasn’t stopped hundreds of German politicians from trying).”
Big words.
Demanding a ban of AfD, reality so far:
113 MPs out of 736 MPs.
Among those:
56 GREEN
31 SPD
18 LEFT
7 CDU
With such nice guys like Kiesewetter, Göring-Eckhart, Hofreiter (having no issue with 1 M KIA in Ukraine).
Obviously he knows nothing about domestic politics in FRG. Beyond the usual 1 dimension.
Everything happening in Germany to this day introduced by the government has happened without AfD participation. Obviously since AfD never was in government.
So who exactly is responsible? Those who are in power or those who are not?
Do we judge projections and speeches or acts and laws passed?
Trump certainly does everything “out in the open”, but I’m not sure it’s that much more authoritarian than a President like W or Obama.
As to a technological arms arms race, I think that’s pretty much a non-starter too. The reform required to revive American’s technological prowess didn’t happen under Biden, and looks like it will not happen under Trump. The tech oligarchs lined up behind Trump may not have caused America’s slump in tech smarts, but they are, like Trump, a symptom of it’s fall. They are extremely rich (and thus have all the SCOTUS free speech money to buy the government) and being so closely aligned to Trump, able to block any reforms which threaten their choke hold on American technology (or increasing lack of).